Search the Library
NOTE: This is a new search platform (as of May 2026). If you do a search and don’t get the results you were expecting, please email us at ctnlib@uw.edu to let us know? (If possible, please share your exact search strategy. Thank you!)
Enter keywords and hit Enter (or click the magnifying glass) to search. You can then also select document type or subject/topic to narrow results further (or just use those for searching without a keyword). Results display below this search form.
Document types
Subjects
- CTN-#### format for protocols (CTN-0001, e.g.)
- “exact phrase” (if phrase is not found, it will return results that contain all terms
- word1 NOT word2
- word1 word2 (finds both words)
- Click title to access full-text
- “Show details” reveals abstract & other info
- Checkboxes select items for copy/pasting or printing
- Need help getting a copy of a journal article?
Email ctnlib@uw.edu
Search results
Background: The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN) has supported clinical trials of substance use disorder (SUD) interventions for 25 years. This review describes the use of implementation outcomes across CTN trials, characterizes outcomes included, and identifies gaps and potential opportunities to strengthen implementation research within the CTN and the field of SUD treatment.
Methods: This systematic review included active or completed studies listed on the CTN Dissemination Library webpage as of August 18, 2021, and approved by the CTN for development by January 1, 2022. Study summaries and protocols were reviewed if they: 1) measured at least one implementation outcome and 2) examined a practice change, intervention, or process. Extracted data elements included trial design characteristics, implementation frameworks, and outcome assessment domains informed by the RE-AIM and Proctor Implementation Outcomes Frameworks.
Results: 114 protocols were considered, 42 full-text protocols were screened, and 25 were included for data extraction. Start dates of trials spanned a 20-year period (2004–2024) with latter studies including more implementation outcomes. Fidelity (n = 29) and reach/penetration (n = 26) were the most included implementation outcomes. Equity was not identified in any protocols. Methods of defining, capturing, and evaluating outcomes data varied across trials and outcomes.
Conclusions: The inclusion of implementation outcomes increased over time, perhaps reflecting a growing emphasis on implementation research. Incorporating measures of equity could advance knowledge about differential receipt or effectiveness of SUD interventions. Future research should seek to improve the consistency and comprehensiveness in descriptions of implementation science elements.
Related protocols: CTN-0016, CTN-0056, CTN-0062-Ot, CTN-0064, CTN-0065, CTN-0069, CTN-0074, CTN-0074-A-1, CTN-0075, CTN-0076-Ot, CTN-0079, CTN-0079-A-1, CTN-0088, CTN-0090, CTN-0091, CTN-0095, CTN-0096, CTN-0097, CTN-0098, CTN-0099, CTN-0102, CTN-0103, CTN-0107, CTN-0116, CTN-0121
Background: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities experienced a disproportionate increase in opioid-related fatal and non-fatal poisonings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to treatment, such as medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), became even more critical, although research among this population is limited. We completed qualitative interviews with substance use disorder (SUD) treatment providers (i.e., MOUD prescribers, non-prescribing clinicians, non-clinical support staff) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on MOUD care among AI/AN adults.
Methods: This research was completed in connection with two CTN studies: CTN-0096 and CTN-0118. Sixty-minute semi-structured interviews were completed with providers working in SUD treatment (N = 25). Eligible providers represented 6 programs serving rural Tribal and urban areas primarily in the Pacific Northwest United States. Transcripts were independently reviewed and analyzed for themes based upon the research aims.
Results: Nineteen female and six male providers completed interviews. Four themes were identified: (1) Beneficial policy changes for MOUD delivery; (2) Telehealth as the biggest policy shift; (3) Addressing complexity, and (4) Cultural services. Findings indicated providers viewed the introduction of telehealth, implementation of mobile services, and expanded take home dosing as positive and leading to increased treatment access. However, barriers related to the internet, transportation, and reimbursement of telehealth remain.
Conclusions: Providers highlighted the utility in the expansion and sustainment of telehealth. Flexible policies for MOUD were particularly beneficial during the height of COVID-19 to maintain and increase access to treatment. Providing a menu of treatment options, emphasizing cultural engagement and social support were deemed necessary to enhance AI/AN community driven solutions in curbing the opioid poisoning public health crisis.
Related protocols: CTN-0096, CTN-0118
Background: Incorporating American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) traditional practices and knowledge into healthcare can support AI/AN health. Drug overdose deaths disproportionately impact AI/AN communities due to colonization, genocide, historical trauma, discriminatory policies, and under-resourced healthcare. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD; e.g., buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone) are considered the most effective treatment for reducing mortality. Integrating AI/AN cultural practices with MOUD may increase acceptability and uptake of MOUD within AI/AN communities.
Methods: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN) Protocol #0096 (Tribal MOUD) is a two-phase community-based participatory research (CBPR) trial to develop and evaluate an implementation intervention to culturally center MOUD delivery in AI/AN communities (N = 4 sites). A Collaborative Board (CB) guided intervention development (Phase I completed). A stepped wedge design (two sites/step) allows intervention implementation at all sites and improvements across sites (Phase II ongoing). The primary implementation outcome is the number of consumers with OUD who initiate MOUD in the six months pre-intervention vs. implementation periods; secondary outcomes are MOUD screening and retention (de-identified electronic medical record data). Additional data include organizational predictors (staff surveys) and moderators (consumer assessments) of implementation outcomes; and MOUD intervention acceptability (staff/consumer qualitative interviews).
Conclusions: This is the first study to develop and evaluate an implementation intervention to culturally center MOUD delivery in AI/AN communities. Implementation science and CBPR are complimentary for co-developing strategies with AI/AN communities to integrate Indigenous and Western best practices, which may ultimately reduce opioid-related mortality among AI/AN peoples and enhance Indigenous community wellness.
Related protocols: CTN-0096
American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities are disproportionally impacted by the opioid overdose epidemic. There remains a dearth of research evaluating methods for effectively implementing treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) within these communities. We describe proceedings from a 2-day Collaborative Board (CB) meeting tasked with developing an implementation intervention for AI/AN clinical programs to improve the delivery of medications to treat OUD (MOUD). The CB was comprised of Elders, cultural leaders, providers, individuals with lived experience with OUD, and researchers from over 25 communities, organizations, and academic institutions.
Conversations were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded by two academic researchers with interpretation oversight provided by the CB. These proceedings provided a foundation for ongoing CB work and a frame for developing the program-level implementation intervention using a strength-based and holistic model of OUD recovery and wellbeing. Topics of discussion posed to the CB included engagement and recovery strategies, integration of extended family traditions, and addressing stigma and building trust with providers and clients. Integration of traditional healing practices, ceremonies, and other cultural practices was recommended. The importance of centering AI/AN culture and involving family were highlighted as priorities for the intervention.
Related protocols: CTN-0096